Department of Education

SOPs

Dept. data last updated on :26/05/2023

SOP FOR PSYCHOLOGY LABORATORY


DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Aligarh Muslim University


PSYCHOLOGY LABORATORY


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Earlier Psychology Laboratories

                                                            Image Courtesy: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 49/August 1896/Science at the University of Pennsylvania


Introduction

Psychology in general and Educational Psychology, in particular, is concerned with the scientific study of human learning. They play a very important role in teacher education and the teaching profession. The study of learning processes, from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives, allows to understand individual differences in intelligence, cognitive development, affect, motivation, self-regulation and self-concept, as well as their role in learning. The field of educational psychology relies heavily on quantitative methods, including testing and measurement, to enhance educational activities related to instructional design, classroom management, and assessment, which serve to facilitate learning processes in various educational settings across the lifespan.

As per the guidelines of the NCTE (National Council of Teacher Education), the Department of Education has a well-equipped Psychology Laboratory. The laboratory is equipped with different apparatus/equipment/instruments for conducting different psychological experiments. Psychological tests/scales (Verbal, non-verbal and performance tests) are available in the lab to access creativity, personality, intelligence, aptitude, attitude, interest, etc. Pictures of eminent psychologists are also available in this lab.


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                                                                                                                Psychology Laboratory, Department of Education


                                                                             Objectives

Psychology Lab is set up in the Department of Education to help students and research scholars achieve the following objectives successfully:


1.       To impart practical experiences in psychological concepts

2.       To familiarize with psychological equipment/instruments

3.       To acquaint with standardized tests/scales based on relevant dimensions of performance (Achievement, Intelligence, Personality, Attitude, Aptitude, Interest, Motivation, etc.)

4.       To perform psychological experiments

5.       To train in various psychological assessment techniques

6.       To develop experimental skills in Psychology

7.   To provide training in administering, scoring, and interpreting various psychological tests/scales

8. To identify individual differences among their students using various psychological tests/scales

9.   To recognize psychological variables that influence the classroom environment and overall climate of an institution

10.   To create a psychologically sound and conducive teaching-learning environment

11.   To apply psychological tests/scales in research work

12.   To provide personal, educational, and vocational guidance to their students in the future by administering various psychological tests/scales



                               

                                                                                                                          Psychology Laboratory, Department of Education

 

                                                                             Beneficiaries

All the students (D.T., B.Ed., M.Ed., M.A.) Research Scholars and Post-Doctoral Fellows of the Department have access to lab equipments/instruments and tests/scales with strict adherence to the SOPs.


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Procedures for Work in Psychology Laboratory

The Psychology laboratory helps students and scholars in acquiring the functional knowledge understanding and application of psychological laws, principles, theories, concepts, processes, etc. in the following ways:

  • Training in scientific investigation/method/enquiry for describing, explaining and predicting behaviours or mental processes

  • Examining the possible relationships between variables affecting behaviours or mental processes by controlling the confounding variables

  • Defining variables operationally

  • Formulating research questions/hypotheses regarding behaviours or mental processes

  • Designing and performing psychological experiments using equipments/instruments and tests/scales for answering research questions or testing hypotheses

  • Operating equipments/instruments carefully

  • Administering the tests/scales over the required sample/participants and scoring them as per their respective administrative and scoring procedures

  • Collecting data using quantitative and qualitative techniques

  • Analysing data using appropriate statistical techniques

  • Interpreting results from the analysed data for drawing conclusions 

  • Writing report of psychological experiment in notebooks in the desired format

  • Eliminating or controlling for any kind of bias as a researcher at every step of scientific investigation

  • Learning about the delimitations, limitations and ethical considerations of psychological enquiry

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Rules and Regulations

  • Only Bonafide Students are allowed to use the Psychology Lab.

  • D.T., B.Ed., M.Ed., M.A. students, Research Scholars and Post-Doctoral Fellows have access to lab equipments/instruments and tests/scales to use in designated course curriculum and getting first hand training.

  • All the Students, Research Scholars and Post-Doctoral Fellows are required to make an entry in the Log register every time before using/borrowing equipments/instruments and tests/scales in the Psychology Lab.

  • A request for issuing equipment/instrument and test/scale will be made by the student on prescribed proforma.

  • Lab Assistant will issue the equipment after verifying its workability.

  • Not working/obsolete equipments/instruments will not be issued and the process for their repair/condemnation will be initiated by the Lab assistant as per rule.

  • Psychology teacher/Lab In-Charge/Lab Assistant will demonstrate the steps involved for operating an equipment/instrument, before the students will be allowed to use it independently or in groups.

  • After completion of experiment, the equipment/instrument will be returned with the confirmation that it is in working condition. Lab Assistant will verify its workability before placing it at the designated Almirah/showcase.

  • If there are any issues/problems related to functioning of equipment/instrument, it should be reported to the Lab In-Charge immediately through Lab Assistant.

  • Psychology teacher will illustrate and elaborate the administrative and scoring procedures to be followed for a test/scale, before students are allowed to use it on their own.

  • After completion of experiment, the test/scale will be returned in proper condition. Lab Assistant will verify its condition before placing it at the designated Almirah/showcase.

  • All students have to follow proper precautions while using any equipment/instrument and test/scale.

  • Food, drinks and refreshments are Not Allowed in the Psychology Lab and strictly prohibited.

  • Shouting, loudly talking, use of cell phones or listening to music is strictly prohibited in the Psychology Lab.

  • Equipments/instruments and tests/scales in the Psychology Lab may not be relocated or disassembled without permission of the Lab In-Charge.

  • The Psychology Lab resources are prohibited from usage for any illegal or disruptive purposes.

  • Be considerate to other users in the Psychology Lab.

  • Users are expected to keep the Lab neat and tidy.

  • Professionalism is expected from students, Lab assistant and Lab In-Charge such as the use of appropriate language and proper dress, being prompt for scheduled hours, polite and courteous treatment of fellows and research participants, and the maintenance of a positive and helpful attitude.

  • We need to solicit your support to make this endeavour a success.

Timings

  1. D.T., B.Ed., M.Ed. and M.A. students avail the lab facilities in Psychology periods allotted in the Time Table.


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SOP Time line & Safety


  1. Maintenance Time Line

The apparatus/ instruments used in a laboratory are essential for experiments, projects and activities being performed there. In general apparatus required to conduct psychological experiments must be properly handled and maintained.

The rules to be followed for proper care and functioning of apparatus are as under:

·       Keep the apparatus/ instruments safely in a proper/ assigned place.

  • Apparatus/instruments need to be used properly to prevent them from damage or breaking.
  • Cover the apparatus when not in use to prevent it from getting dusty or damaged.
  • Each and every apparatus needs to be checked regularly by the lab in-charge/ instructor for their optimum functioning.

·       Replace any damaged/defective part of the apparatus from an approved supplier.


  1. Safety procedure

  • Use apparatus/instruments for the purpose for which it is intended.
  • Use the apparatus/instruments with utmost care.
  • Do not set or place apparatus close to the edge of the table.
  • Please exercise caution while working with the electrical instrument.
  • Do not activate any apparatus before the inspection of the instructor.
  • Do not touch a live circuit/ wire of the apparatus.
  • Do not move or disturb apparatus in use without the consent of the user.
  • Make sure that the electrical apparatus is checked by the lab instructor/teacher in-charge before the apparatus is turned on.
  • Turn off the electrical instruments after its use.
  • Do not perform any unethical/unauthorized experiment.

·       In case of any emergency, follow the instructions of the lab instructor/teacher in-charge.


Psychology Laboratory Instruments

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

Mirror Drawing Apparatus 


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The mirror-tracing apparatus is used for visual
and motor tests that involve learning a new    motor skill. The Mirror-drawing or Mirror-tracing test is a psychological test used to measure the rate of learning, hand-eye coordination, and neuropsychological damage.


  • Before starting the experiment, the mirror has to be cleaned properly and adjusted in proper position.

  • Star pattern is to be properly placed.

  • Participants are required to trace a shape (commonly a polygon, e.g., a star, diamond, square or a triangle) and stay within the boundaries of a double line, while only seeing an inverted reflection of their hand through a mirror.

  • After completion of the experiment the instrument is returned to laboratory In-charge.

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

Alexander’s Pass Along Test


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Alexander's pass-along test is a psychological test that is used to measure intelligence.It used blocks on a tray to figure out the intelligence.The subject must create the pattern on card with help of tray and blocks. The scoring system give out the IQ of the subject.

  • There are 4 boxes of different size.

  • Eight small blocks of same size, 2 red and 6 blue

  • Blocks have not to be lifted, but may only be moved.

  • Record success or failure within the time limit.

  • Stop the test when failure has been recorded twice in succession.

  • The time limit for Designs 1 to 4 is 2 minutes each and for designs 5 to 8 is 3 minutes each.

  • The blocks along with the card set is returned to the laboratory In-charge.


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Koh’s Block Design Test


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Koh’s Block Design Test is a performance test to measure the intelligence. This test consisting of a set of 16 coloured cubesand 17 cards with colored designs, which the subject is supposed to duplicate by using the blocks.

  • Place the cubes before the subject.

  • Show him the cards with a variety of colored designs and tell him to design like this.

  • The time for first five designs is 2 minutes and for the remaining five the time is 3 minutes.

  • Stop the test when failure has been recorded twice in succession.

  • The cubes along with the cards is returned to the laboratory In-charge.


STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

Draw-a-man Test


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Draw-a-man test is a non-verbal standardized test and is used to decipher the cognitive level of children. The children are asked to draw a picture of a man, a woman, and themselves. No further instructions are given and the pictures are analysed on a number of dimensions. Materials for administering Draw-a-man Test is simple and handy, just the sheets and pencils.

  • Select a room which is likely to be less disturbed by outsiders.

  • Remove all the pictures with human figure or turn them upside down before the children enter the room.

  • Be sure that every child has at least one sufficiently long pencil properly sharpened.

  • Show the blank space of the sheet and tell them to draw a picture of a full man in the space.



Images Courtesy: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/

and Pschology Laboratory , Department of Education AMU





SOP FOR SCIENCE LABORATORY


DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Aligarh Muslim University


SCIENCE LABORATORY


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Objectives of Science Laboratory

  1. To identify the existence of a multiplicity of scientific methods, interrelationships between science and technology among the various disciplines of science
  2. To Equip prospective teachers and scholars with the latest and advanced materials and supplies.
  3. To provide first-hand experience in observation and manipulation of the materials of science.
  4. To understand the nature of science - scientific enterprise, scientists and how they work.
  5. To meet the individual differences of students including high and low achievers.
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Rules and Regulations 
  1. All the Prospective teachers and Research scholars are required to make an entry into the Log register every time before using the equipment and chemicals.
  2. Equipment issued to the students for a specific purpose is to be returned in good working condition after use.
  3. Chemicals of the Science Lab will not be issued to carry out of the Lab.
  4. The lab in charge is authorized to check the working condition of the issued equipment when it is returned.
  5. Before using a piece of equipment of Chemicals for the first time, seek training from the Lab In-charge.
  6. A breakage and order register is maintained in the lab where broken equipment and order placed are recorded with the students’ and teachers’ signatures.
  7. Food, drinks, and refreshments are not allowed
    in the lab and are strictly prohibited.
  8. Talking loudly and using mobile phones are strictly prohibited in the Science Lab.
  9. You are Not Permitted to replace, relocate or make any damage to the equipment in the lab.
  10. Be considerate to the users in the Lab.
  11. Problems related to the Science Lab should be reported to the Lab In-charge immediately.
  12. Users are expected to keep the Lab neat and tidy.
  13. Users can give their suggestions in the Suggestion Book placed in the Lab
  14. Soliciting your support to ensure smooth functioning of the Lab.
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Procedures of using Science Lab:


  1. Read all procedures and associated safety information prior to conducting any experiment.
  2. Perform only those experiments authorized by your subject teacher.
  3. Do not use damaged electrical equipment. Report if there is any damaged electrical equipment in the lab to the lab in charge.
  4. Active experiments should not be left unattended like anything being heated or is visibly reacting. 
  5. Always practice good personal hygiene. Wash your hands after removing gloves, before leaving the laboratory, and after handling potentially hazardous material.
  6. While working in the laboratory, wear personal protective equipment - eye protection, gloves, and laboratory coat - as directed by your subject teacher.
  7. Properly segregate and dispose of all laboratory waste in the bin.
  8. Clean and decontaminate all laboratory pieces of equipment, table tops, benchtops, cabinets, and shelves

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General Lab Safety Rules


  • Ensure you are fully aware of the building's evacuation procedures. 
  • Make sure you know where your lab's safety equipment is, which includes first aid kit(s), fire extinguishers etc.
  • Know emergency phone numbers (JNMC Trauma center and Emergency number*) to use to call for help in case of an emergency.
  • Dress for work in the laboratory. Wear clothing and shoes that cover exposed skin and protect from potential splashes. Tie back loose long hair, avoid dangling jewelry.
  • For females, secure your shawl and stoles with safety pins, avoid anything loose that may catch fire.
  • Never wear sandals, slippers or other open-toed shoes in the lab. Footwear should always cover the foot completely. 


Note:

ü  Plan your work during regular working hours.

ü  This will ensure that one is not alone for prolonged periods. Working alone leaves one more vulnerable in case of accidents or injuries.

ü  Do not operate any equipment or conduct experiments without prior training.

ü  If you are still unsure of a particular procedure, get help from your subject teacher or in charge of the Lab.

ü  Note down protocols or make copies of the SOPs to refer to whenever in doubt.



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* Helpline number: 7599050505

Phone: 0571-2721165, 2721214, 2700920


Timings: 

The facilities in the Science Lab are available during the working hours on all days of the Department (from 8:00 .AM to 4:00. PM). Friday timings-
from 8:00. AM to 12:00. Noon 
. The students of DT and B.Ed. can avail the lab facilities in the Period allotted to the course ‘Pedagogy of Science’ in their respective time-table


All Images Courtesy: Science Laboratory, Department of Education, AMU

SOP FOR COMPUTER LABORATORY


DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Aligarh Muslim University


COMPUTER LABORATORY


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PROCEDURE FOR OPERATING COMPUTER LABS



TIMINGS

Computer lab will be open on all working days from 8:30 am to 4pm

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SOP FOR MATHEMATICS LABORATORY



DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Aligarh Muslim University


MATHEMATICS LABORATORY


Introduction

New Education Policy (2020) and National Policy on Education (1986) states “Mathematics should be visualized as a vehicle to train a child to think, analyze and articulate logically”. National Curriculum Framework - 2005 brought out by NCERT states that the main goal of Mathematics education is the mathematization of a child’s thought process. These objectives can only be achieved if there is an opportunity of creating a scope of exploring, verifying, and experimenting upon mathematical results by students themselves. Thus, there is a need of adopting an activity-oriented process rather than merely concentrating upon mastery of rules and formulae so as to do mathematical problems mechanically and pass out the examinations. There is a need to provide the learners with the scope for interaction, communication, and representations of mathematical ideas by practicing processes. A mathematics laboratory can foster mathematical awareness, skill-building, positive attitude, and learning by doing experiments in various topics of mathematics such as Algebra, Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry, Calculus, Coordinate Geometry, etc.




OBJECTIVES OF THE MATHEMATICS LAB


Mathematics Lab is set up in the Department of Education to:

1.  Provide Prospective teachers with opportunities to make students understand the mathematical concepts through active involvement in solving problems

2.     Help prospective teachers to make students think creatively and look for patterns and ask questions.

3.     Help Research Scholars in their Experimental research work on Mathematics Teaching

4.     Develop an attitude of inquiry.

  1. To discover the pattern for getting insight into the formulae

  2. To visualize algebraic and analytical results geometrically.

  3. To design practical demonstrations of mathematical results/formulae or the concepts.

  4. To encourage interactions amongst students and teachers through debate and discussions.

  5. To encourage students in recognizing, extending, formulating patterns and enabling them to pose problems in the form of conjectures                 

All B.Ed., D.T students and scholars (mathematics group) of the Department of Education have access to the Mathematics Lab with strict adherence to the SOPs.










LABORATORY TIMINGS


One period per week to B.Ed. and D.T(Math’s group) classes


STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) MATHEMATICS LABORATORY


Procedures for work in Mathematics Laboratory in Teaching-Learning

  1. The mathematics laboratory can contribute in a big way to the learning of this subject. Some of the ways are:

  2. Here the student will get an opportunity to understand the abstract ideas/     concepts through concrete objects and situations.

  3. The concepts of relations and functions can be easily understood by making working models and by making arrow diagrams using wires.

  4. Three dimensional concepts can only be conceived by three dimensional models in the laboratory, where as it is very difficult to understand these concepts on a black board.

  5. The concept of function and its inverse function, becomes very clear by drawing their graphs using mathematical instruments and using the concept of image about the line y = x, which can be done only in the laboratory.

  6. It provides greater scope for individual participation in the processes of learning and becoming autonomous learner.

  7. Beneficiaries

  8. All B.Ed., D.T students and scholars (mathematics group) of the Department of Education have access to the Mathematics Lab with strict adherence to the SOPs.